Golang 模块获取包modfetch研读

自Go 1.11引入Modules以来,其内置命令已集成包查询、下载等功能。

之前专门写过一篇Golang Modules的文章,介绍了Module的使用方式。

如一个Module工程,使用命令构建时会自动获取依赖,如:

$ go build
go: finding github.com/leileiluoluo/quote latest
go: downloading github.com/leileiluoluo/quote v0.0.0-20190510033103-5cb7d4598cfa
go: extracting github.com/leileiluoluo/quote v0.0.0-20190510033103-5cb7d4598cfa

使用命令亦可查询最新可用版本:

$ go get -u
go: finding github.com/leileiluoluo/quote v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/leileiluoluo/quote v1.0.0
go: extracting github.com/leileiluoluo/quote v1.0.0

这些均是因为内置命令已集成了模块查询、获取的能力。支撑模块获取的一个关键的包即是“cmd/go/internal/modfetch”,本文将研读一下该包的几个关键的接口、结构体及函数。

1 Repo接口与Lookup函数

Repo表示一个仓库的一个模块存储的所有版本。

$ go doc modfetch.Repo

其接口定义如下,ModulePath返回模块路径;Versions列出给定前缀的语义学版本;Stat返回修订信息(可以是提交哈希、分支、标签等);Latest返回默认分支的最新修订(仅用于没有标签的修订); GoMod返回给定版本的go.mod信息;Zip将指定版本的压缩文件写到目标位置。

type Repo interface {
    // ModulePath returns the module path.
    ModulePath() string

    // Versions lists all known versions with the given prefix.
    // Pseudo-versions are not included.
    // Versions should be returned sorted in semver order
    // (implementations can use SortVersions).
    Versions(prefix string) (tags []string, err error)

    // Stat returns information about the revision rev.
    // A revision can be any identifier known to the underlying service:
    // commit hash, branch, tag, and so on.
    Stat(rev string) (*RevInfo, error)

    // Latest returns the latest revision on the default branch,
    // whatever that means in the underlying source code repository.
    // It is only used when there are no tagged versions.
    Latest() (*RevInfo, error)

    // GoMod returns the go.mod file for the given version.
    GoMod(version string) (data []byte, err error)

    // Zip writes a zip file for the given version to dst.
    Zip(dst io.Writer, version string) error
}

接下来看一下如何获取到一个Module的Repo信息。

$ go doc modfetch.Lookup

其go doc如下,Lookup可以返回一个Module的Repo信息。

func Lookup(path string) (Repo, error)
    Lookup returns the module with the given module path. A successful return
    does not guarantee that the module has any defined versions.

下面,我们使用其获取一下“github.com/leileiluoluo/quote”这个Go Module的Repo信息。

首先我的工作空间为workspace,在工作空间下,test.go文件位于github.com/leileiluoluo/test下,目录结构为:

workspace
 └ github.com
     └ leileiluoluo
         └ test
             └ test.go

因modfetch包是internal包,不可直接引用,需将其拷贝至当前模块目录(github.com/leileiluoluo/test)下,然后将codefetch包及其相关依赖拷贝进来,并将引用路径替换。

shell脚本github.com/leileiluoluo/test/copy_replace.sh内容如下:

#!/bin/bash

mkdir internal

# copy dependencies
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/modfetch ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/modfile ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/modinfo ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/base ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/cache ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/lockedfile ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/module ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/par ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/renameio ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/semver ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/cfg ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/str ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/dirhash ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/get ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/web ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/web2 ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/load ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/search ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/go/internal/work ./internal/

cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/internal/sys ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/internal/objabi ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/internal/buildid ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/cmd/internal/browser ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/internal/testenv ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/internal/singleflight ./internal/
cp -r $GOROOT/src/internal/xcoff ./internal/

# replace import paths
find . -type f -name "*.go" -exec sed -i '' 's#cmd/go/internal/#github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/#g' {} \; 
find . -type f -name "*.go" -exec sed -i '' 's#cmd/internal/#github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/#g' {} \; 
find . -type f -name "*.go" -exec sed -i '' 's#internal/testenv#github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/testenv#g' {} \; 
find . -type f -name "*.go" -exec sed -i '' 's#internal/singleflight#github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/singleflight#g' {} \; 
find . -type f -name "*.go" -exec sed -i '' 's#internal/xcoff#github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/xcoff#g' {} \;

拷贝并替换完成后,我们在test.go(github.com/leileiluoluo/test/test.go)使用一下modfetch.Lookup,代码如下:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "path/filepath"

    "github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/modfetch"
    "github.com/leileiluoluo/test/internal/modfetch/codehost"
)

func main() {
    // mod dir is $GOPATH/pkg/mod
    modfetch.PkgMod = filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "pkg", "mod")
    // work dir is $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/vcs
    codehost.WorkRoot = filepath.Join(modfetch.PkgMod, "cache", "vcs")

    repo, err := modfetch.Lookup("github.com/leileiluoluo/quote")
    if nil != err {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(repo.Latest())
}

使用modfetch.Lookup时需设置codehost.WorkRoot变量,即vcs下载的模块工作路径,一般为$GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/vcs,如上代码获取“github.com/leileiluoluo/quote”模块的最新提交信息,运行test.go,输出为:

go: finding github.com/leileiluoluo/quote latest
&{v0.0.0-20190515022821-f8e0536df3d4 2019-05-15 02:28:21 +0000 UTC  } 

然后看一下codehost.WorkRoot下新下载了什么:

$ ls $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/vcs

274f0d09769743d2dea3632161aca27cae4d90c87432a7984a434e7deeb6a244
274f0d09769743d2dea3632161aca27cae4d90c87432a7984a434e7deeb6a244.info
274f0d09769743d2dea3632161aca27cae4d90c87432a7984a434e7deeb6a244.lock

可以看到modfetch.Lookup会请求vcs,获取包在master分支最新修正信息,并且下载至本地。

2 RevInfo结构体及Stat函数

$ go doc modfetch.RevInfo

Rev表示Module仓库的一个修订。其有版本名称Version及提交时间Time两个重要属性。

Stat函数可以返回指定Module路径的某次修订的具体信息。

type RevInfo struct {
    Version string    // version string
    Time    time.Time // commit time

    // These fields are used for Stat of arbitrary rev,
    // but they are not recorded when talking about module versions.
    Name  string `json:"-"` // complete ID in underlying repository
    Short string `json:"-"` // shortened ID, for use in pseudo-version
}
    A Rev describes a single revision in a module repository.

func Stat(path, rev string) (*RevInfo, error)

下面,我们使用其获取一下“github.com/leileiluoluo/quote”这个Go Module版本v1.0.0的信息。

test.go main函数如下:

func main() {
    // mod dir is $GOPATH/pkg/mod
    modfetch.PkgMod = filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "pkg", "mod")
    // work dir is $GOPATH/pkg/mod/cache/vcs
    codehost.WorkRoot = filepath.Join(modfetch.PkgMod, "cache", "vcs")

    stat, err := modfetch.Stat("github.com/leileiluoluo/quote", "v1.0.0")
    if nil != err {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(stat)
}

输出为:

&{v1.0.0 2019-05-10 03:40:59 +0000 UTC  }

且若之前未获取过这个版本,其会将对应版本代码下载至$GOPATH/pkg/mod下。

$ ls $GOPATH/pkg/mod/github.com/leileiluoluo/
quote@v1.0.0

3 GoMod、DownloadZip函数

$ go doc modfetch.GoMod

GoMod类似于Lookup(path).GoMod(rev),但其不会解析仓库路径从而请求网络而从版本控制网站来获取,而会先看本地缓存有没有。

func GoMod(path, rev string) ([]byte, error)
    GoMod is like Lookup(path).GoMod(rev) but avoids the repository path
    resolution in Lookup if the result is already cached on local disk.

下面,我们使用其获取一下“github.com/leileiluoluo/quote”这个Module的go.mod内容。

test.go main函数如下:

func main() {
    // mod dir is $GOPATH/pkg/mod
    modfetch.PkgMod = filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "pkg", "mod")

    mod, err := modfetch.GoMod("github.com/leileiluoluo/quote", "v1.0.0")
    if nil != err {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(string(mod))
}

输出为:

module github.com/leileiluoluo/quote

即该模块go.mod的内容。

最后看一下modfetch.DownloadZip的使用。

$ go doc modfetch.DownloadZip

DownloadZip有一个参数module.Version,其有两个属性Path与Version。

对于指定模块,传入模块路径及版本信息,DownloadZip首先会看本地有没有,本地有直接返回文件名,否则会下载该模块至本地缓存并返回文件名。

func DownloadZip(mod module.Version) (zipfile string, err error)
    DownloadZip downloads the specific module version to the local zip cache and
    returns the name of the zip file.

下面,我们使用其下载“github.com/leileiluoluo/quote”这个Module的在版本v1.0.0的zip文件。

test.go main函数如下:

func main() {
    // mod dir is $GOPATH/pkg/mod
    modfetch.PkgMod = filepath.Join(os.Getenv("GOPATH"), "pkg", "mod")

    zipfile, err := modfetch.DownloadZip(module.Version{Path: "github.com/leileiluoluo/quote", Version: "v1.0.0"})
    if nil != err {
        panic(err)
    }
    fmt.Println(zipfile)
}

输出为:

/Users/larry/Documents/workspace/pkg/mod/cache/download/github.com/leileiluoluo/quote/@v/v1.0.0.zip

参考资料

[1] https://golang.org/pkg/cmd/go/internal/modfetch/

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